Postmemorial Exhibitions: A Design Approach to Negotiate Cultural Trauma Among Children and Grandchildren of Former War Refugees and Guerrilla Supporters

The fields of social memory and museum studies share a similar concern for intergenerational dynamics of memory, although the motivations and emphasis of study in each field is different. In museum studies, memorial museums have been noted to promote emotional engagement and critical reflection about mass atrocities. Early evidence from participatory exhibitions in other types of museums suggests that participatory approaches to exhibition design may support the desired outcomes of reflection and emotional impact in memorial museums. However, no studies to date have explored the role of participatory design in shaping communities’ memories about the violent past. In addition, the field of social memory studies has focused on understanding the nature of social memories that result from mass atrocities. Some scholars refer to this type of memory as cultural trauma. Cultural trauma is a socially relevant phenomenon because it alters group identity and may either lead to a betterment of living conditions for marginalized populations or their increased oppression depending on how societies negotiate the trauma. Importantly, cultural trauma has been noted to be a long-term phenomenon that affects different generations differently. Unlike psychological, individual trauma, cultural trauma is never solved, but socially negotiated. Moreover, the strategies through which a given generation negotiates cultural trauma may not prove ineffective or irrelevant for succeeding generations. Considering the complex and pervasive nature of this phenomenon, more work is needed to intervene in cultural trauma negotiations that does not attempt to ‘solve’ such traumas but supports its negotiation. My dissertation seizes on the unique opportunity of both academic traditions. Merging the insights from studies about studies about cultural trauma and memorial museums, I investigate how participation in the design process of a memorial exhibition shaped the memories of children who were born a decade after the end of the civil war of El Salvador (1980-1992), a historical episode characterized by atrocities perpetrated primarily against civilians. My research combined ethnographic methods such as participant observation and semi-structured interviews with the implementation of a participatory design project in El Salvador. During the eight months of my fieldwork, I worked with seven children and grandchildren of former guerrilla combatants and war refugees to produce an exhibition concept about their deeply held beliefs and feelings about the war, which they only have experienced through the stories shared with them by friends and family. I refer to my participants’ exhibition concept as a postmemorial exhibition. At the theoretical level, the concept of a postmemorial exhibition represents an opportunity to understand the impact of memorial exhibitions in social rather than individual frames of memory. Conversely, at the methodological level, the combined approach of ethnographic methods and participatory design in museums extends the toolkit of scholars of social memory to not only observe but intervene in the field. At stake in these interventions is the opportunity to promote more sympathetic and critical subjects through the process of postmemorial exhibition design, and thus, to contribute to the prevention of future episodes of mass atrocities.PHDInformationUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162997/1/allanmar_1.pd

EVALUATION OF THE POSITIONAL QUALITY THROUGH THE POSTPROCESSING OF RAW GNSS DATA FROM A SMARTPHONE VIA DIFFERENT SATELLITE POSITIONING METHODS

Since the introduction of the Android 7 in August 2016, it has become possible to use raw data collected by GNSS sensors present in some Android smartphones and tablets. Therefore, it became possible, for the first time, to perform the post-processing of the data, which means to obtain coordinates that are more accurate than usual, from meters to decimeters. In addition, among the technological innovations in the context of positioning via smartphones, it is mentioned the use of modern GNSS sensors, like the one used by Xiaomi Mi 8, which was the first smartphone to integrate a dual-frequency GNSS sensor. In this research, data collection campaigns were carried out in static mode to evaluate the quality of geodetic coordinates obtained from Mi 8. Using freely available applications that store raw data in files in RINEX format, the data was post-processed with different positioning methods and with different software, including the freely available IBGE-PPP online service in Brazil. The results of this research show that it is possible to obtain geodetic coordinates with an accuracy at decimeter order, which indicates that the methodology can be used in some engineering applications

Low number of mitochondrial pseudogenes in the chicken (Gallus gallus) nuclear genome: implications for molecular inference of population history and phylogenetics

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial DNA has been detected in the nuclear genome of eukaryotes as pseudogenes, or Numts. Human and plant genomes harbor a large number of Numts, some of which have high similarity to mitochondrial fragments and thus may have been inadvertently included in population genetic and phylogenetic studies using mitochondrial DNA. Birds have smaller genomes relative to mammals, and the genome-wide frequency and distribution of Numts is still unknown. The release of a preliminary version of the chicken (Gallus gallus) genome by the Genome Sequencing Center at Washington University, St. Louis provided an opportunity to search this first avian genome for the frequency and characteristics of Numts relative to those in human and plants. RESULTS: We detected at least 13 Numts in the chicken nuclear genome. Identities between Numts and mitochondrial sequences varied from 58.6 to 88.8%. Fragments ranged from 131 to 1,733 nucleotides, collectively representing only 0.00078% of the nuclear genome. Because fewer Numts were detected in the chicken nuclear genome, they do not represent all regions of the mitochondrial genome and are not widespread in all chromosomes. Nuclear integrations in chicken seem to occur by a DNA intermediate and in regions of low gene density, especially in macrochromosomes. CONCLUSION: The number of Numts in chicken is low compared to those in human and plant genomes, and is within the range found for most sequenced eukaryotic genomes. For chicken, PCR amplifications of fragments of about 1.5 kilobases are highly likely to represent true mitochondrial amplification. Sequencing of these fragments should expose the presence of unusual features typical of pseudogenes, unless the nuclear integration is very recent and has not yet been mutated. Metabolic selection for compact genomes with reduced repetitive DNA and gene-poor regions where Numts occur may explain their low incidence in birds

CIRCLE FITTING FOR IMPROVED GNSS POSITIONING VIA SMARTPHONES FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES

With access to the raw data collected by certain Android smartphones, it is possible to perform post-processing of the data. Thus, it is possible to employ certain satellite positioning methods that were previously restricted to geodetic receivers. Thanks to this and other innovations, such as the emergence of smartphones with modern GNSS sensors, a promising scenario is seen when employing these devices in engineering applications. Generally, in certain applications that require high accuracy, centimeter and millimeter order, geodetic receivers are used. However, these devices are expensive when compared to smartphones. In this research, the coordinates of a point were determined via a smartphone with a modern GNSS sensor, whose data were post-processed by the IBGE-PPP service, using the combination GPS+GLONASS and L1 frequency. Thus, using circle adjustment techniques based on least squares, it was possible to obtain horizontal accuracy of approximately 12 cm and 25 cm with a set of about 128-hour and 24-hour sessions respectively. The results obtained in this research suggest that the applied methodology can be used in certain applications in engineering, such as land surveying of rural properties

Estudo do atrito e desgaste em diferentes condições de carga e lubrificação para um conjunto pino-disco de aço 1045

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação) — Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade UnB Gama, 2021.O presente trabalho tem por finalidade estudar o desgaste do aço 1045 quando atritado contra si mesmo em um sistema disco pino em diferentes condições de carga e lubrificação a fim de compará-los e compreender as variações e diferentes formas de desgaste. Para tal objetivo as superfícies dos pinos e discos foram preparadas com lixas de granulometria 400 e 3000, respectivamente. Os discos ainda foram polidos posteriormente. Os ensaios para a elaboração do trabalho foram realizados em uma bancada de ensaios de desgaste equipadas com sensores que mediram a força de atrito e a temperatura do disco e tiveram duração de 20 minutos. As cargas utilizadas nos ensaios foram 5N, 10N e 25N. As condições de ensaio foram a seco, lubrificado com óleo 5w40, lubrificado com óleo 5w40 e Militec-1, lubrificado com óleo 5w40 e Militec-1 após tratamento térmico superficial. As saídas de interesse foram a força de atrito e a temperatura medidas durante o ensaio, além da massa perdida e o dano superficial decorrente do teste. Concluiu-se que os testes a seco são extremamente danosos ao sistema, apresentando elevadas forças de atrito, temperatura e massa perdida se comparado aos ensaios lubrificados. Observou-se também que o condicionador de metais não apresentou resultados satisfatórios de redução de atrito, contribuindo, inclusive, para uma piora nos valores referentes ao valor de massa perdida, a degradação da superfície do corpo de prova e a dissipação de calor do sistema.The present final paper aims to study the wear of 1045 steel when rubbed against itself in a pin disc system under different load and lubrication conditions in order to compare them and understand the variations and different forms of wear. For this purpose, the surfaces of the pins and discs were prepared with 400 and 3000 sandpaper, respectively. Discs were polished yet. The tests for the elaboration of the paper were carried out on a wear test bench equipped with sensors that measured the friction force and temperature of the disc and lasted 20 minutes. The loads used in the tests were 5N, 10N and 25N. The test conditions were dry, lubricated with 5w40 oil, lubricated with 5w40 and Militec-1 oil, lubricated with 5w40 and Militec-1 oil after surface heat treatment. The outputs of interest were friction force and temperature measured during the test and the lost mass and surface damage resulting from the test. It was concluded that the dry tests are extremely harmful to the system, presenting high friction forces, temperature and lost mass when compared to the lubricated tests. It was also observed that the metal conditioner did not show satisfactory results in reducing friction, contributing even to a worsening in the values related to the lost mass value, the degradation of the surface of the specimen and the heat dissipation of the system

Escritas insubmissas: indisciplinando a História com Hortense Spillers e Saidiya Hartman

This text aims to demonstrate, in two moments, the undisciplinary potential of what we will term as unsubmissive writings of history. Initially, it will focus on Hortense Spillers’ quest for a “new grammar,” capable of redefining the stereotypes underlying current thoughts and writings about Black people. Then, the analysis will be centered on Saidiya Hartman’s concept of “critical fabulation,” which is both a theoretical alternative to bridge or negotiate gaps in the archive about slavery and an undisciplined reflection on the work of the historian. However, before approaching these concepts, we will explain how these unsubmissive writings of history are part of a Black radical tradition that has risen against Western epistemic disciplining since the end of the 19th century. This analysis will show that theoretical challenges have always been deeply connected with the political and social demands of the radical protests against anti-Black violence in the United States. Based on the considerations of Spillers and Hartman, this text deems indiscipline as a possible radical purpose in an anti-Black world.Este artigo demonstrará o potencial indisciplinar do que definiremos como escritas insubmissas da história. Isso será feito em dois momentos: inicialmente através da procura de Hortense Spillers por uma “nova gramática”, capaz de redefinir a forma estereotipada como os negros são pensados e escritos no presente; em seguida, terá como foco o conceito de “fabulação crítica”, proposto por Saidiya Hartman, que é tanto uma alternativa teórica para exceder ou negociar lacunas do arquivo da escravidão, quanto uma reflexão indisciplinar sobre o que faz o historiador. Antes, porém, explicaremos como essas escritas insubmissas da história fazem parte de uma tradição radical negra, que, desde o final do século XIX, tem se insurgido contra o disciplinamento epistêmico ocidental. Desafios teóricos, veremos, que semprem estiveram profundamente conectados com as demandas político-sociais dos protestos radicais contra a violência antinegra nos Estados Unidos. Ao término, a partir das considerações de Spillers e Hartman, este texto enseja pensar a indisciplina como um fim radical possível em um mundo antinegro.

Burned area mapping in the brazilian savanna using a one-class support vector machine trained by active fires

We used the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) active fire data (375 m spatial resolution) to automatically extract multispectral samples and train a One-Class Support Vector Machine for burned area mapping, and applied the resulting classification algorithm to 300-m spatial resolution imagery from the Project for On-Board Autonomy-Vegetation (PROBA-V). The active fire data were screened to prevent extraction of unrepresentative burned area samples and combined with surface reflectance bi-weekly composites to produce burned area maps. The procedure was applied over the Brazilian Cerrado savanna, validated with reference maps obtained from Landsat images and compared with the Collection 6 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) Burned Area product (MCD64A1) Results show that the algorithm developed improved the detection of small-sized scars and displayed results more similar to the reference data than MCD64A1. Unlike active fire-based region growing algorithms, the proposed approach allows for the detection and mapping of burn scars without active fires, thus eliminating a potential source of omission error. The burned area mapping approach presented here should facilitate the development of operational-automated burned area algorithms, and is very straightforward for implementation with other sensorsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ANÁLISE DA APLICAÇÃO DE GEOSSINTÉTICOS NO ATERRO SANITÁRIO DE SEROPÉDICA/RJ

This work presents an analysis of the application of geosynthetic materials in the sanitary landfill of the municipality of Seropédica / RJ. This landfill is located in an area of more than two million square meters, which is the largest landfill in Latin America. In addition, this land is located under the aquifer of Piranema, the main source of underground water in the region. Thus, the objective of this work is to describe the properties, functions and advantages of the use of geosynthetics in relation to materials conventionally used in this type of infrastructure. We highlight the technologies used as the triple layer of soil waterproofing made with geosynthetic blankets and a network of sensors interconnected with software that indicates any abnormality in the soil. It is concluded that geosynthetics constitute a rational, safe, economical and practical solution for waterproofing the landfill and the resources of environmental quality control with the application of these materials in the landfill of Seropédica tends to become reference for private companies and even for the organs environmental impacts.Esse trabalho apresenta uma análise da aplicação de materiais geossintéticos no aterro sanitário do município de Seropédica/RJ. Esse aterro é locado em uma área de mais de dois milhões de metros quadrados, sendo este o maior aterro sanitário da América Latina. Além disso, esse terreno está localizado sob o aquífero de Piranema, a principal fonte de água subterrânea da região. Dada essa importância, o objetivo desse trabalho é descrever as propriedades, funções e as vantagens do uso de geossintéticos em relação aos materiais convencionalmente usados nesse tipo de infraestrutura. Destacam-se as tecnologias empregadas como a tripla camada de impermeabilização do solo feita com mantas geossintéticas e uma rede de sensores interligados a um software que indica qualquer anormalidade no solo. Conclui-se que os geossintéticos constituem uma solução racional, segura, econômica e prática para impermeabilização do aterro e os recursos de controle de qualidade ambiental com a aplicação desses materiais no aterro de Seropédica tende a se tornar referência para empresas privadas e até para os órgãos ambientais

A percepção de humanização em marcas digitais: o contexto de antropomorfização da Netflix

Os avanços da revolução digital das últimas décadas modificaram a forma como pessoas e marcas se relacionavam entre si. Por mais que os benefícios das transformações tecnológicas fossem incontáveis no campo do comportamento de consumo, as relações com as marcas careciam do elemento humano de outrora. Com isso, as organizações perceberam a necessidade das pessoas em se relacionar com marcas de forma similar à conexão com pessoas ao incorporar atributos humanizados às marcas, denominado antropomorfismo da marca. Este estudo tem o objetivo de entender a percepção dos consumidores quando humanizam uma marca digital, analisar as características antropomórficas, os traços de personalidade humana inferidos à marca e elucidar os registros na memória que tenham da marca. Como método de investigação pela natureza exploratória deste estudo, utilizou-se a metodologia qualitativa através de entrevistas semiestruturadas como instrumento de recolha de dados. A metodologia qualitativa propôs uma densa compreensão do contexto e dos fenômenos pessoais da percepção de consumidores aplicada a um caso contextual de estudo de uma marca digital contemporânea: a Netflix. Através da Análise de Conteúdo, os resultados dessa pesquisa indicaram a percepção de personalidade, intenções, voz, idade, gênero dentre outras características antropomórficas da marca, que são discutidas assim como as suas implicações teóricas e práticas.The Digital Revolution advances of the last decades have changed the way people and brands related to each other. Even though the benefits of technological transformations were countless in the consumer behavior field, relations with brands lacked the human element of yore. Hence, organizations realized the need for people to relate to brands in a similar way they connect with people by incorporating humanized attributes to brands, called brand anthropomorphism. This study aims to understand the perception of consumers when they humanize a digital brand, analyze the anthropomorphic characteristics, the human personality traits inferred to the brand and elucidate the brand records in the memory they have. As a method of investigation due to the exploratory nature of this study, the qualitative methodology was used through semi-structured interviews as an instrument of data collection. The qualitative methodology proposed a dense understanding of the context and personal phenomena of consumer perception applied to a contextual case study of a contemporary digital brand: Netflix. Through Content Analysis, the results of this research indicated the perception of personality, intentions, voice, age, gender and other anthropomorphic characteristics of the brand, which are discussed as well as their theoretical and practical implications

Indústria 4.0 e bens de capital: uma análise das experiências brasileira e alemã

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)O tema da Indústria 4.0 expressa a evolução da produção para um conceito de conexão entre fábrica e sistemas cyber físicos inteligentes. Embasado na identificação de oito clusters tecnológicos, o trabalho expõe os efeitos tecnológicos sobre o setor manufatureiro; os clusters conjuntamente formam o conceito de Indústria 4.0. O trabalho, aqui tratado, tem como objetivo discutir e ilustrar o como as novas tecnologias afetam a indústria de bens de capital. Em uma análise sobre os países: Brasil e Alemanha, esta pesquisa analisa como as políticas adotadas nesses países refletem no setor de bens de capital de cada nação.2021-10-2